Upload seguro de imagens em Node.js

// Allowed extensions, each with a check of the file's first bytes (its signature).
const SIGNATURES = {
  ".jpg": (b) => hex(b, 0, 3) === "ffd8ff",
  ".jpeg": (b) => hex(b, 0, 3) === "ffd8ff",
  ".png": (b) => hex(b, 0, 8) === "89504e470d0a1a0a",
  ".gif": (b) => ascii(b, 0, 6) === "GIF87a" || ascii(b, 0, 6) === "GIF89a",
  ".webp": (b) => ascii(b, 0, 4) === "RIFF" && ascii(b, 8, 12) === "WEBP",
};
const hex = (bytes, start, end) => bytes.subarray(start, end).toString("hex");
const ascii = (bytes, start, end) => bytes.subarray(start, end).toString("latin1");

// True for "chair.jpg", false for ".chair.jpg", "chair.svg" or "chair".
export function isImageName(name) {
  return !name.startsWith(".") && Object.hasOwn(SIGNATURES, extensionOf(name));
}

export class GalleryError extends Error {
  constructor(status, message) {
    super(message);
    this.status = status;
  }
}

// A folder or file name: 1-64 letters, digits, space, - _ . and not starting with a dot.
// Also refused: a trailing dot or space (Windows drops them, so "a." would become "a")
// and Windows device names such as CON or NUL.
export function isValidName(name) {
  return (
    typeof name === "string" &&
    /^[A-Za-z0-9 _.-]{1,64}$/.test(name) &&
    !name.startsWith(".") &&
    !/[. ]$/.test(name) &&
    !/^(con|prn|aux|nul|com[1-9]|lpt[1-9])(\.|$)/i.test(name)
  );
}

// Checks the name and the bytes, stores the file under a new random name, returns its URL.
export async function saveImage(root, folder, originalName, bytes) {
  const ext = extensionOf(originalName);
  const matches = Object.hasOwn(SIGNATURES, ext) && SIGNATURES[ext];
  if (!matches) {
    throw new GalleryError(400, "Only .jpg, .jpeg, .png, .gif and .webp images can be uploaded.");
  }
  if (bytes.length > MAX_BYTES) {
    throw new GalleryError(413, "The image is larger than 4,000,000 bytes.");
  }
  if (!matches(bytes)) {
    throw new GalleryError(400, "The file content is not a valid " + ext.slice(1).toUpperCase() + " image.");
  }

  if (isUsersFolder(root, folder)) throw new GalleryError(404, "Folder not found.");
  const dir = await resolveFolder(root, folder);
  const storedName = baseNameOf(originalName) + "-" + randomBytes(4).toString("hex") + ext;
  const file = path.join(dir, storedName);
  await writeFile(file, bytes, { flag: "wx" }); // "wx" fails instead of overwriting
  return publicUrl(file);
}

// Uploaded images. Only image files inside uploads/ are served (isServableUpload), so a
// stray .html or .svg, or a link to another folder, is never served from your site.
// dotfiles "ignore" answers 404 for .files and anything inside a .folder (Express 5's
// default, written out because Express 4 served files inside .folders).
// nosniff stops the browser from guessing a content type other than the image's own.
app.use(
  "/uploads",
  async (req, res, next) => ((await isServableUpload(req.path)) ? next() : res.status(404).end()),
  express.static(UPLOADS_DIR, {
    dotfiles: "ignore",
    index: false,
    setHeaders: (res) => res.setHeader("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff"),
  }),
);

// The editor, the shared browser file and the demo page.
if (EDITOR_DIR) app.use("/richtexteditor", express.static(EDITOR_DIR));
app.get("/rte-files.js", (req, res) => res.sendFile(RTE_FILES_JS));
app.use(express.static(path.join(import.meta.dirname, "public")));

printf '<?php echo 1; ?>' > fake.jpg
curl -F "file=@fake.jpg" http://localhost:5101/rte/upload
{"error":"The file content is not a valid JPG image."}

curl -F "file=@photo.jpg;filename=x.svg" http://localhost:5101/rte/upload
{"error":"Only .jpg, .jpeg, .png, .gif and .webp images can be uploaded."}

curl -F "file=@photo.jpg" http://localhost:5101/rte/upload
{"url":"/uploads/photo-05a3e02b.jpg"}

curl -I http://localhost:5101/uploads/photo-05a3e02b.jpg
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Content-Type: image/jpeg